8DEA

Scaffold Hopping via Ring Opening Enables Identification of Acyclic Compounds as New Complement Factor D Inhibitors


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.21 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.300 
  • R-Value Work: 0.225 

Starting Model: experimental
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This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Scaffold hopping via ring opening enables identification of acyclic compounds as new complement Factor D inhibitors.

Zhang, W.Wu, M.Vadlakonda, S.Juarez, L.Cheng, X.Muppa, S.Chintareddy, V.Vogeti, L.Kellogg-Yelder, D.Williams, J.Polach, K.Chen, X.Raman, K.Babu, Y.S.Kotian, P.

(2022) Bioorg Med Chem 74: 117034-117034

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117034
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    8D95, 8DEA, 8DG6

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    The three complement pathways comprising the early phase of the complement system (the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways) act together with the innate and adaptive immune systems to protect against foreign entities and maintain tissue homeostasis. While these systems are normally under tight regulatory control, several diseases have been reported to correlate with uncontrolled activation and amplification of the alternative pathway, including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Complement FactorD (CFD), a serine protease, is the rate-limiting enzyme for the activity of alternative pathway. CFD activates the alternative pathway by cleaving Complement Factor B complexed to C3b (C3bB) to generate alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3bBb). In our search for novel CFD inhibitors with therapeutic potential, we employed a hot-spot analysis of an ensemble of apo and holo CFD structures. This analysis identified potential pharmacophore features that aided in the design of a series of compounds based on an l-proline core. While these compounds inhibited CFD in an esterolytic assay (for example, a proline-based compound, IC 50  = 161 nM), the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties were poor. A strategy of scaffold hopping via ring opening led to a novel series of acyclic compounds, with subsequent structure-based ligand design and lead optimization producing several novel CFD inhibitors. One of these inhibitors, 1-(2-((2-(3-chloro-2-fluorobenzylamino)-2-oxoethyl)(cyclopropyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-5-(3-methyl-3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)ureido)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, showed good potency with IC 50 s of 37 nM in the esterolytic assay and 30 nM in a hemolytic assay and PK assessments following oral administration to rats revealed a C max of 113 ng/mL and an AUC 0-24h of 257 hr.ng/mL.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Discovery Chemistry, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc, Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, AL 35244, United States. Electronic address: wzhang@biocryst.com.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Complement factor D
A, B, C, D
230Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: CFDDFPFD
EC: 3.4.21.46
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P00746 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P00746 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00746
PHAROS:  P00746
GTEx:  ENSG00000197766 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00746
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.21 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.300 
  • R-Value Work: 0.225 
  • Space Group: P 2 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 44.898α = 90
b = 73.032β = 90
c = 240.864γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
HKL-3000data reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
PHASERphasing

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
Other privateUnited States--

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2022-11-02
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2023-10-18
    Changes: Data collection, Refinement description
  • Version 1.2: 2024-10-23
    Changes: Structure summary